Zimbabwe: Defunct parties

Updated January 2008

Party Remarks
African National Congress (ANC) Leader: Joshua Nkomo (d 1 July 1999)
Founded 12 Sep 1957 from merger of Southern Rhodesian African National Congress and Youth League; banned Feb 1959
National Democratic Party (NDP) Leader: Joshua Nkomo (d 1 July 1999).
Founded Jan 1961 as successor to ANC, banned Dec 1961
Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (CAZ)
Previously: Republican Front; Rhodesian Front
Leaders: Gerald Smith; Ian Smith (retired 1987, d 2007)
Founded in 1962, seems to have disintegrated in 1999 after the MDC was formed
Patriotic Front Zimbabwe African People's Union (PF ZAPU)
Formerly: Zimbabwe African People's Union
Leader: Joshua Nkomo (d 1 July 1999).
Founded in 1962 as successor to NDP, merged with ZANU PF in December 1989
United African National Council (UANC)
formerly African National Council
Leader: Bishop Abel Muzorewa
Founded 1971, dissolved in 1994 to make way for the United Parties
National Alliance for Good Governance (NAGG) Leader: Shakespear Maya (left in 2004 to join the MDC)
Founded 2000, seems to have disintegrated after the defection of Maya
United People's Association of Matabeleland (UPAM) Leader: Dr Francis Bertrand
Founded c1980
Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM) Leader: Edgar Tekere
Founded 30 Apr 1989, split in Sep 1991 and had disintergrated by 1995

Sources

LODGE, L, KADIMA, D & POTTIE, D 2002 (eds), Compendium of Elections in Southern Africa, EISA, 434-447.

NDORO, C 2005, EISA Election Update 2005 Zimbabwe [PDF document], 2, 31 March, 6.

MACHIGAIDZE, VEM 1991 "Land Reform in Colonial Zimbabwe: The Southern Rhodesia Land Husbandry Act and African Response", IN Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, January, [www] http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/machigai.htm [opens new window] (accessed 2 Jan 2008).

MASUNUNGURE, E 2004 "Travails of Opposition politics in Zimbabwe since Independence" IN Harold-Barry, D (ed) Zimbabwe: The Past is the Future - Rethinking Land, State and Nation in the Context of Crisis, Weaver Press.

MURISON, K 2002 (ed), "Zimbabwe Directory" IN Africa South of the Sahara, Europa Publications, 1154.

OLALEYE, W 2004, Political Parties and Governance in Zimbabwe, EISA Occasional Paper No 18.

SACHIKONYE, LM 2005, Political Parties and the Democratisation Process in Zimbabwe [PDF document], EISA Research Report No 16, 11-17.

SADC ECF 2000, "Zimbabwe Elections Observer Report", EISA, 37.

UK HOME OFFICE 2002, Zimbabwe Assessment, Country Information and Policy Unit, 22-25, 57-59, [www] http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/zimbabwe/ind0402_zimbabwe_ca.pdf [PDF document, opens new window] (accessed 30 Oct 2007).